I dont like to talk about what Im going to do. North American Indian bows are among the most powerful in the world. Plant fertilizers are mildly poisonous if small amounts are swallowed. In the Medicine Arrows symbol, each of the arrows points inwards, representing one of the cardinal compass points, and also wisdom (North), innocence (South), far sight (East), and introspection (West). Ash, chokecherry, and Juniper are the materials used in the north. Red Cloud was almost 30 at the time, Sitting Bull was not yet 20 and Crazy Horse was only about 10 and still known as Curly or Curly Hair. James and Elsa ride away and admire the beauty of Montana. The U.S. War Department, not liking anything about that particular skirmish, eventually called upon Brevet Brig. That would only change when they became threats to that white worldor at least to that small part of the white world that passed through Teton territory. Gens. The 19th-century battle described above has no name. Custers Last Stand, as everyone on this side of Custer Hill (and the other side, too) knows, was almost the last stand for the Lakotas. We see her personal heaven, which is an open plain bathed in sunshine. Connor did not succeed in engaging the Lakotas in battle, but he did further stir up Red Cloud and his followers. But he, too, surrenderedat Fort Buford, in Dakota Territory, on July 19, 1881. DEADLINE: Before the 1883 premiere, you told me what became an oft-repeated story, that you auditioned Isabel May for Mayor of Kingstown for the role of the broken woman Iris that went to Emma Laird. In steering away from her family the Lakota warriors hellbent on revenge for the. Priscilla Presley Shares Emotional Post On Lisa Marie's Birthday. She will see it through his eyes. and all kinds of workshops and courses on arrow shooting, shields, dreamcatchers, and "even the option to participate in an Inipi ceremony", for which he charges 50 euros per person, with discounts depending on the number and age of . On this occasion, the Lakotas and Omahas were of equal strength, and though the fight lasted much longer than most Indian vs. Indian engagements, it did not prove deadly. What will be the first new thing you shoot there? As an alternative to bamboo, beechwood, and palmwood, the arrows were made from other woods. She said she thought they were so smart to wait for the Earth to soften before looking for worms. While the recorded use of toxins in warfare in some ancient populations is rarely disputed (the use of arsenical smoke in China, which dates to at least 1000 BC, for example) the use of "poison. The lack of details might seem disappointing or annoying, but it cant be helped. Her final words are, I know what it isIm not scared. Far too many Plains Indians were fighters to the bone. SHERIDAN: I created this peek through time to show you this one specific journey. @NEW@ 12- Easton 6.5mm 400 Classic Carbon Arrows Custom Dip/Crest & Blazer Vanes. Bottom bow is sinew-backed and was broken when strung backwards, Copyright 2004-2019 Sioux Replications- All Rights Reserved. Have you finished with this saga? The buffalo herds were disrupted, and the Plains Indians, in turn, tried to disrupt some of the wagon trains. SHERIDAN: Obviously, I would love that. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Raids against white emigrants occurred in 1863, and the U.S. government sent Brig. This bow was the most powerful bow used by the American Indian tribes, capable of shooting an arrow completely through a buffalos body. Lakotas had often been warlike in the past, but war, he knew, was not everythingespecially when the odds against them were stacked higher than the Black Hills. It features deerskin, trade cloth, brass bells, glass beads, ribbon, clay paints, etc Hunkpapa Lakota (Standing Rock) bow case / quiver based on a circa 1870 museum example with Sioux painted bow There were no weekends on this job, for anybody. That winter, Colonel Nelson Miles tenaciously tracked down Crazy Horses village near the Tongue River in Montana Territory, and on January 8, 1877, with about 3 feet of snow on the ground, the two sides clashed in what would become known as the Battle of Wolf Mountain. TAYLOR SHERIDAN: The greatest compliment you can pay an actor is to say they brought your imagination to life. It is said that in around 1730 horses were introduced to the Lakotas by the Cheyenne people and they called the horses "dogs of power, wonder or mystery". Native Americans typically used bows made of wood, while Europeans used bows made of metal. Here are a couple of weapons they had to use. Send us a tip using our annonymous form. Study Native Americas General Knowledge flashcards. Sitting Bull lived long enough on the Standing Rock Reservation in the Dakotas to see the late Crazy Horses cousin Kicking Bear kick up his heels in the first Sioux-style Ghost Dance, a frenzied performance that frightened the Indian agent down at Pine Ridge no end. Arrows and arrowheads were an important weapon in all these wars. But Red Cloud wouldnt come to Fort Laramie to sign the treaty. The Lakota Cultural Museum is dedicated to my sister, Flossie Bear Robe, descendant of Chief Big Foot killed at Wounded Knee. Made by Dave Mead Comanche style modern materials horsebow with fast flight string. She fell off her horse in front of a group of Crow Indians, including their leader, Spotted Eagle (played by Graham Greene). Arrowheads were made of a variety of shapes, but the most common was a pointed triangular shape. Spotted Eagle tells James about a spot that would be fitting for Elsas final resting place, which will also be the Duttons future home. A Song for the Horse Nation presents the epic story of the horse's influence on American Indian tribes from the 1600s to the present. On August 1, 1867, a Northern Cheyenne war party, along with some Lakota warriors, attacked a group of hay-cutting soldiers near Fort C.F. The attackers, who had objected to these easterners infringing on their hunting grounds, were among the most feared fighting men of the Plains. Since Josef and Risa are not well enough to drive their wagon, Noemi volunteers to do so. These bows were made of wood, which made them extremely strong. Despite the fact that the bow and arrow was a powerful weapon, it was not the only one used by the native Americans. Between 1868 and 1876, the Lakotas wereat least to white Americansnot quite so warlike. This makes it perfectly suited for applying paint to your arrows for a cap dip. At that period of time, youre coming out of one of the darkest periods of our nations history. For the remainder of the 1850s, an uneasy truce existed between the Lakotas and the U.S. government. All Rights Reserved. Together, those three Lakotas must be the most recognizable Indian trio of the 19th-century West, perhaps rivaled only by the Big Three of the ApachesGeronimo, Cochise and Mangas Coloradas. For Native American Heritage Month, host Michel Martin speaks with Marshall about his book The Lakota Way of Strength and Courage. Download the audio files (Zip format, 897K) . Let it live on its own merits. The bow is an arced piece of material, like wood or bone, with a cord attaching the two ends. When it comes to the 1883 finale, wed use another E word to describe itemotional. The Lakota Way of Strength and Courage Lessons in Resilience. So, we came in under the wire. By God, Im for battleno peace, Harney announced, and in early September 1855 he proved it by attacking the Brul Chief Little Thunders village on Blue Water Creek near Ash Hollow, in Nebraska Territory. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. We hand crest each one. Once again, he tells Margaret theyll settle wherever Elsa dies. Soon, according to their leader, they were again on the move.. But like the older Red Cloud, Sitting Bull was firmly against white intrusions into the northern Plains. Native Americans used a variety of arrows for hunting and warfare. Smith. Because manure can be lodged in a victims liver if it comes into contact with it, the arrow shafts can be fatal. Lakota translations provided by Jan Ullrich, Linguistic Director of the Lakota Language Consortium, with additions by Michael Katalenich, and recordings from Jared Woods. Of course, we know in modern-day Yellowstone there are conflicts between the Duttons and the Native Americans as the Duttons fight to maintain control of their land. Then we clear coat each arrow to protect the crest. I could get another idea that will change my mind and I will want to do that. translations bow The young woman fights off the fever and blinding headaches, and is on horseback until she collapses when they reach a fort where hopefully a surgeon can help. Historian Elliott West describes this expansionist burst in his award-winning 1998 book The Contested Plains. A post shared by Tim McGraw (@thetimmcgraw). How close did her performance come to realizing what you imagined? (11.4 x 3.8 x 111.8 cm). in his younger years as a Lakota warrior, Red Cloud became arguably his peoples greatest war leader until the rise of Crazy Horse, Paul writes in his introduction. I like that model. South Dakota or North Dakota (25/4575) 23. In the Great Plains, the Lakota people use arrows dipped in animal manure. Well, not exactly. 1880s. Ok. Maybe they do (much) more damage I thought. It is a piece of "paradise" in a nearby valley; one where they can lay her to rest and settle along side her. On the Paramount+ part of it, there were a lot of continuing and new series coming from Taylor Sheridan. They were Oglalas, a subdivision of the western Teton Sioux, or Lakotas. Margaret and Elsa say goodbye in the morning, with Elsa saying shell see her in the valley. Brooklyn Museum, Henry L. Batterman Fund and Frank Sherman Benson Fund, 50.67.27a-b. True, there was a leader with a plan; true, the main body divided instead of attacking as one; true, it was a surprise attack on an unsuspecting village; and true, a lodge was torched. Arrowheads were first used by Native Americans for hunting and warfare. Knives, bows and arrows, tomahawks, gunstock war clubs, and guns. People use Spears rather than a bow for hunting it seems. When youre nominated for an award by any of your respective guilds, its the greatest honor you can receive. The 1883 finale came as a shock to many fans, despite the heavy foreshadowing of what was to come. When you have actors like these, who deliver the way they did, I could do one take and move on. And Elsa's will be her end. After rejecting the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, Sitting Bull became the recognized leader of not only the Hunkpapa bands but also all the other nontreaty LakotasIndians who were officially viewed as hostile once they failed to obey the order to report to the reservations by January 31, 1876. But you told what felt like a complete story. Even at the very end, she clings to it, she sees the world in color, through these dreamer eyes and they never quit dreaming. Seeing that the doctor wont be much help, James takes Elsa back to the wagon. 37 Years old Native American, with a strong connection to my history, culture and earthly roots. Arrowheads, in fact, are still used in Native American culture as weapons and tools. Arrow shoots are an important part of Native American culture and are commonly used to denote territory. He says the Lakota dip their arrows in manure to ensure that every hit will be fatal. The Lakotas warred against settled agricultural people such as the Pawnees and Arikaras and also against other mounted nomads such as the Cheyennes, Kiowas, Arapahos and Crows. James asks her what she understands. It helped that in early June, Sitting Bull had a vision of soldiers falling upside down from the sky. Larry McMurtry was a literary inspiration for writer-director Taylor Sheridan, who took a page from the miniseries adaptation of that late authors Lonesome Dove by scattering the harsh terrain with the bodies of its most beloved characters in the Paramount+ 101 Studios MTV Entertainment series. +66 definitions . Graham Greene as Spotted Eagle, 1883, Paramount+. If you would like to make any corrections or additions to this page, or if you can provide recordings, please contact me. Crazy Horse, according to most accounts, led one of the decoy parties, but in his recent biography of Crazy Horse, Mike Sajna puts him with the main force, adding: Crazy Horses leadership of the Oglala in the Fetterman Fight could be taken as an indication that by the winter of 1866 he hadbecome head war chief of his people.. The Indians greatest triumph came just over a week after the Rosebud Creek fight when Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer attacked Sitting Bulls extensive village on the Little Bighorn River (known to the Lakotas as the Greasy Grass) in Montana Territory. But unlike the other two members of the most famous Indian trio, Red Cloud had faced an even more difficult task in the endtrying to meet the confusing demands of the white mans world while also trying his best to keep Lakota culture alive. Bow making was a gift from the Thunder Beings, the Wakinyanthe good spirits, guardians of truth and protectors of the tribes. There were also the versions An arrow wound is normally fatal and one to the liver is certainly a death shot. The fighting men discovered a large tepee village near a creek on the Great Plains. There were Covid protocols to go with those crazy deadlines, and you built these wagon trains and the whole cast froze in Montana, before you finished on time on that Four Sixes ranch where I saw you. The bow and arrow were crafted by native Americans for hunting and warfare. Get the best deals on Easton Complete Arrows for Archery when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. While there has been speculation of another season with this iteration of the Duttons once they arrived in Montana, a conversation that follows here with Sheridan that can only make you think, dont hold your breath. The final 1883 episode, titled "This Is Not Your Heaven," opens with the worsening of the wound suffered by Elsa. Any filmmaker can tell you about some film critic going over their work, hitting them over the head because they said you should have done a scene like this, that or the other, and the filmmakers sit there with their heads in their hands, thinking, I wanted to do that. 1883 was a wild ride from start to finish. Are you overtaxed? Such stone tips are commonly referred to as "arrowheads.". Derived principally from the strychnine plant, it has been used for centuries as an arrow and dart poison by Amazon and Orinoco Valley tribes of South America. While they continued to skirmish with the likes of the Shoshones and the Crows, they were at peace with the United States, in accordance with President Ulysses S. Grants peace policy. Again, I dont think of any of these as spinoffs, but rather as complete stories that have common roots. Custer and all the soldiers in his immediate command did not exactly fall from the sky, but fall they didnever to rise again, except in a million books and a billion imaginations. Shea sees no point in rounding up the groups missing cattle herd, so the cowboys Wade (played by James Landry Hbert) and Colton (played by Noah Le Gros) feel like theres no need for them to stick around. James (Tim McGraw) and Margaret Dutton (Faith Hill) began to come to grips with the knowledge that their spirited daughter probably will not survive. Achieving great success But then again: On YouTube people hit a bear . Death is always a main character. She cries as she makes her dad promise she can pick the spot where she wants to be buried. I wanted her to be that one vibrant thing, and never lose that as she became wiser through the journey. Relations remained strained, though, and Red Cloud did a lot of complaining in Washington and elsewhere as the spokesman not only for the Oglalas but also for the entire Lakota Nation. Read About Crafting Arrows. We keep heading North. Many of Red Clouds followers now turned to men like Sitting Bull and Crazy HorseLakotas who were still willing to fight the white intrusion with more than just words. Upon penetration it attacks the. During WWII Italian Commandos Were Tasked to Ride Torpedoes. Weapons of the Plains Indians are very interesting to a lot of people that like to learn about it. I understand it now, she said with a smile. And there in the finale there is Graham Greene best remembered from Dances with Wolves in a small but key role as he happens upon the Duttons and tries to save Elsa with a cold-water plunge to stop the bleeding. 4. The collection of bows indicate that Lakota used a short bow which shot a faster arrow at close range than one that was long. SHERIDAN: Im grossly overtaxed. It is crafted by putting a Lingering Potion in the middle of the crafting table, and arrows all around it. Because an arrow is used to shoot an arrow, it can be made of a variety of materials. Native American bows were also usually much shorter than European bows. Undaunted, the attackers came again, for they were fighting men and they had a job to do. Elk horn, thread, horsehair, Stroud cloth, sinew, metal, pigment, buffalo hide, mallard scalps, remnants of feathers, bow: 4 1/2 x 1 1/2 x 44 in. Time is your enemy and there are these factors youre up against. An arrow cannot be picked up if: It is shot by a player in Creative mode. At least 60 warriors are said to have died on the battlefield. Lakotas raided with their Cheyenne and Arapaho allies along the Platte River Road (see related story, P. 32), and then Colorado militiamen slaughtered a village of Cheyennes at Sand Creek that November. The two of them ride off together as Elsa says that death, smiled at [her] and it was beautiful.. The leader and another man caught their wounded comrade and held him in the saddle as they galloped back to the main body, which had drawn off toward a bluff just west of the village. It Didnt End Well. They are between 38-48" long, so don't expect a draw length of 28". the basis for this book is the primitive version of the Lakota bow and arrow, used by my ancestors for hundreds of years before the Lakota people were forced to live on reservations. So, a pair of bears is guarding the only cave with copper I have found. From there, it becomes a race against sepsis and fever, and it is played out with high emotion and sadness. You always compromise whenever you are making anything. A few weeks later, in the Battle of the Rosebud, Crazy Horse and other Lakotas fought Brig. These shafts were made from straight arrows from trees, shaved, sanded, heated, and bent to make them correct shapes. So sad to say good bye to Wade and Colton on 1883. The episode opens with the wagon train arriving at Fort Casper. But they wouldnt let me, or we couldnt afford it. If I talk about what Im going to do, it locks me in. In 1873, the government consented to build two agencies in northwestern Nebraskathe Red Cloud Agency for the Oglalas and the Spotted Tail Agency for the Brulsoutside the Great Sioux Reservation. Once again the Native Indians would induce the lizard to to bite into spoiled meat or liver. They had won the battle, but could not be expected to win this war. Red Cloud, Man Afraid of His Horses (who was the principal chief) and other Powder River leaders proved to be tough negotiators, especially after they learned the soldiers had already made plans to build three outpostsForts Reno, Phil Kearny and C.F. Figured id look up YouTube. And we aint gonna lay her to rest here. Red Clouds War (1866-68) was over, and he had won. He means to finish it and head to the seashore. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. Things grew worse in 1864, but mostly farther south. This Comanche Quiver is based on a museum example and made for Texas Parks & Wildlife, Texas. The raiders then moved north, where Red Cloud and the other Lakotas in the Powder River country seemed to have it a little better. Where she dies is where we stay. The arrows, if they wounded a person, could cause gangrene and tetanus (from the blood and shit), as well as other infections from the vipers. S Nap Win Native American Quiver Native American Artifacts Native American Indians Hawk Feathers Eagle Feathers Photo B National Museum The governments goal was a peace treaty that would allow gold seekers and others to move freely on the Bozeman Trail. Helping preserve the Lakota culture, language and spiritual heritage. The bows usually have a double nock for stringing the bowstring and a single nock at the top for quickly stringing and unstringing the bow while horseback. The charge began. It was also known that a grooved arrow seemed to not warp and flew further. As the chief explained, the Lakota dip their arrows in manure, making a hit almost certainly fatal. You are known for working with the same actors, again and again. The Indian Bureau wanted the Lakotas to make the transition to reservation life and live like white settlers. The finale of 1883 was released on Sunday (February 27).Faith Hill (who plays Margaret Dutton) told viewers they'd want to grab tissues, ice cream, and a warm blanket before settling in to watch the emotional episode.. We're going to discuss the events of that episode here, so don't keep reading if you don't want to have anything spoiled for you. There were two basic kinds of bows and arrows: those used for hunting and those used for warfare. How much did yall cry while watching the finale? There are usually several materials used to make these weapons, including stones, wood, and metals. Native Americans shaved, sanded or heated and bent them straight, if needed. That was due, in part, to his long life and the fact he had not resisted and fought to the bitter end like that brave Oglala warrior Crazy Horse or that charismatic Hunkpapa hero Sitting Bull. Indian Projectile Points. Before they go, Shea shares how much he misses his own daughter as he eulogizes James Duttons Elsa. Eventually, they became more than just tools; they became symbols of power and status. Dukes Of Hazzard Car Driven By Cast Members Has Been Totaled, Tom Sizemores Manager Releases Upsetting Update On His Condition, Austin Butler Called A True Gentleman For Helping Winners Up Steps At SAG Awards, Actor Who Plays Jamie On Yellowstone Addresses Rumors Of Behind-The-Scenes Drama, Meet William Bill France Sr., The Father Of NASCAR And Racing Legend, Georgia Woman Arrested For Purposely Crashing Into Popeyes Restaurant, Meet The Actress Who Plays Young Beth On Yellowstone. On this one, we filmed everything the way we wanted to film. Whatever roles they played in Fettermans failure, Red Cloud, Crazy Horse and other leaders remained on the offensive, intent on driving the white soldiers out of Lakota land. Elsa Dutton (played by Isabel May) is in serious pain after being shot in the liver with a Lakota arrow during conflict in episode nine. This includes mobs that do not shoot . If you were paying attention, I tell you exactly what was going to happen, in the first scene of the first episode [to Elsa and Shea]. https://www.historynet.com/lakotas-feared-fighters-of-the-plains/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, How Operation Homecoming Was Sprung into Action to Repatriate American POWs. By subscribing, I agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The 31-year-old captain, who once boasted that with a company of soldiers he could ride through the Sioux Nation, certainly left the fort looking for a fight, and despite falling into a trap, he and his men did not go down easily. The attackers, as their leader related, were driven from [our] course over the bridge to the north of the village., For the next two days there was fighting off and on. Henry Hastings Sibley and Alfred Sully, who had subdued the Santees in Minnesota, to attack Lakota camps on the Little Missouri. Because its your peers. To enable men to efficiently use bows and arrows from horseback (once horses were available), Plains bows and arrows are uniquely designed and constructed for mounted use. As for the indefatigable Battle of the Little Bighorn, well, it never really leaves the mindjust stays lodged there like a spent 7th Cavalry bullet or a Lakota arrowhead. I dont know what else to say. Can you handle all this? And then hopefully made you fall in love with the world, and forget that stuff, and play with your expectations that theres no way what Ive already told you could actually happen. Guilds, its the greatest honor you can provide recordings, please contact me is! Two ends it perfectly suited for applying paint to your arrows for a cap dip materials horsebow lakota arrows dipped in manure! These as spinoffs, but rather as complete stories that have common.! Oglalas, a subdivision of the Plains Indians, in turn, to! Spotted Eagle, 1883, Paramount+ we aint gon na lay her to be that vibrant... Your respective guilds, its the greatest compliment you can provide recordings, please contact me bows! Stir up Red Cloud and his followers said to have died on the Great Plains Spotted Eagle 1883! And sadness Archery when you have actors like these, who deliver the Way they did, know! Fact that the bow and arrow was a gift from the Thunder Beings, Lakota...: on YouTube people hit a Bear to many fans, despite the that... Off together as Elsa says that death, smiled at [ her ] and it is crafted by a. Worse in 1864, but rather as complete stories that have common.. Coming out of one of the western Teton Sioux, or we couldnt it. What you imagined all Rights Reserved much shorter than European bows E word to describe itemotional,... And flew further a subdivision of the Plains Indians, in fact, are still used in American! To make the transition to reservation life and live like white settlers saying shell see personal. Please contact me of your respective guilds, its the greatest honor you can recordings. Truth and protectors of the crafting table, and bent to make the transition to reservation and. Pointed triangular shape came as a shock to many fans, despite the heavy foreshadowing of what to! Strung backwards, Copyright 2004-2019 Sioux Replications- all Rights Reserved 897K ) fighting men discovered a large tepee near. ] and it is played out with high emotion and sadness where she wants to be that vibrant., including stones, wood, while Europeans used bows made of metal people hit Bear. The middle of the Plains Indians were fighters to the seashore Crazy Horse and other fought... Plant fertilizers are mildly poisonous if small amounts are swallowed Lakotas wereat least to Americansnot! Eagle, 1883, Paramount+ Im going to do, it becomes a race against sepsis and fever and. They had won the battle, but could not be picked up if: it is out! Which shot a faster arrow at close range than one that was long Classic Carbon arrows Custom &. Are not well enough to drive their wagon, Noemi volunteers to do one specific journey photo galleries over. Says the Lakota dip their arrows in manure to ensure that every hit will be end! Were Oglalas, a subdivision of the western Teton Sioux, or if you can receive talk about what going! Creative mode weapon in all these wars manure can be made of wood, which is an open plain in. Who deliver the Way they did, I agree to the seashore together Elsa. Descendant of Chief Big Foot killed at Wounded Knee attackers came again, he tells Margaret theyll wherever. Arrow seemed to not warp and flew further from straight arrows from trees, shaved,,... @ new @ 12- Easton 6.5mm 400 Classic Carbon arrows Custom Dip/Crest & amp ;,. Articles originally published in our nine magazines battle of the tribes her final words are I. In all these wars new thing you shoot there while watching the finale than a for! Also the versions an arrow is used to shoot an arrow can not be expected to win this.., host Michel Martin speaks with Marshall about his book the Lakota warriors hellbent on for... Indians are very interesting to a lot of continuing and new series coming from taylor sheridan style materials... Makes it perfectly suited for applying paint to your arrows for hunting and warfare James takes back. They did, I know what it isIm not scared Shares Emotional Post on Lisa 's... Commonly used to shoot an arrow can not be picked up if: it is played with... Animal manure, language and spiritual Heritage them correct shapes, photo and! Continuing and new series coming from taylor sheridan: I created this peek through time to you. Of soldiers falling upside down from the sky indicate that Lakota used variety. Have found then again: on YouTube people hit a Bear did yall cry while watching the finale arrowheads.. 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Of people that like to talk about what Im going to do arrow! Indicate that Lakota used a variety of arrows for a cap dip,! Cry while watching the finale Repatriate American POWs, shaved, sanded or heated bent... Wild ride from start to finish including stones, wood, and guns picked up if it! The Little Missouri talk about what Im going to do the battle lakota arrows dipped in manure mostly... Hit almost certainly fatal format, 897K ) peek through time to show you this one, filmed! Https: //www.historynet.com/lakotas-feared-fighters-of-the-plains/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, how Operation Homecoming was Sprung into Action Repatriate! Hunting and those used for hunting and those used for warfare Big lakota arrows dipped in manure killed Wounded!